# Arithmetic

## Constants

• ExponentialE = $$2.7182818284590452354\ldots$$ Euler’s number.
• ImaginaryI - The imaginary unit, solution of $$x^2+1=0$$.
• MachineEpsilon $$\approx 2^{−52}$$. The difference between 1 and the next larger floating point number. See Wikipedia
• Pi = $$\pi = 3.14159265358979323\ldots$$

## Functions

• Abs - Absolute value, magnitude.
• Chop - Replace real numbers that are very close to 0 with 0 (less than $$10^{-10}$$).
• Ceil - Rounds a number up to the next largest integer.
• Floor - Round a number to the greatest integer less than the input value.
• Round

• Erf = $$\operatorname{Erf} z={\frac{2}{\sqrt {\pi }}}\int_{0}^{z}e^{-t^2},dt$$. The Error function is the integral of the Gaussion distribution.
• Erfc = $$\operatorname {Erfc} z=1-\operatorname {Erf} z$$. The Complementary Error Function.
• Factorial = $$n!$$, the products of all positive integers less than or equal to $$n$$.
• Gamma $$= (n-1)!$$ The Gamma Function Wikipedia, an extension of the factorial function to complex numbers.
• LogGamma
• SignGamma